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0102030405
China Suppliers Factory for ASTM A213/A213M Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler Tubes
Ordering Information
Purchasers must specify the following details when placing an order:
- Quantity (length, number of pieces)
- Material grade (e.g., T11, T22, TP304H)
- Dimensions (OD, wall thickness)
- Condition (e.g., annealed, cold-worked)
- Test requirements (hydrostatic / nondestructive testing)
- Certification or inspection needs
- Any additional requirements (e.g., special tolerances)
Main Stainless Steel & Alloy Grades
🔩 Ferritic Grades
T5, T9, T11, T12, T22 (e.g., T22: 2.25Cr-1Mo)
T91, T92 (9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb)
T91, T92 (9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb)
🔬 Austenitic Grades
TP304/304H, TP316/316H (18Cr-8Ni)
TP321/321H (Ti-stabilized)
TP347/347H (Nb-stabilized)
S31025 (Super 304H), S31254 (6Mo super austenitic)
TP321/321H (Ti-stabilized)
TP347/347H (Nb-stabilized)
S31025 (Super 304H), S31254 (6Mo super austenitic)
Manufacturing & Heat Treatment
- Tubes are seamless, made by hot-working or cold-working.
- Heat treatment: austenitic grades are solution-annealed; ferritic grades are normalized and tempered.
Chemical Composition
- Strict limits for C, Mn, P, S, Si, Cr, Ni, Mo, etc.
- H-grade variants (e.g., TP304H) have higher carbon for creep resistance.
Mechanical Properties
- Tensile strength, yield strength, elongation per grade (e.g., TP304H: ≥515 MPa tensile).
- Hardness limits (e.g., ≤90 HRB for austenitic grades).
Inspection & Testing Requirements
- Hydrostatic testing (mandatory, unless replaced by nondestructive testing).
- Nondestructive testing (NDT): eddy current, ultrasonic, or pneumatic.
- Flattening, flare, or bend tests (if specified).
- Grain size verification for H-grades.
- Intergranular corrosion test (for austenitic grades, if required).
Certification & Marking
- Mill test reports (MTRs) must include chemical, mechanical, and test results.
- Marking: ASTM standard, grade, heat number, size, manufacturer's name.
Tolerance Requirements
- OD, wall thickness, length, and straightness tolerances are specified.
Main Applications
Used in boilers, superheaters, heat exchangers, and other high-pressure / high-temperature environments.
Main Steel Grades
Below is a concise list of the main steel grades in ASTM A213/A213M, along with their key chemical components and mechanical properties (based on the latest version of the standard).
Ferritic and Martensitic Grades
Low-Alloy Steels for High-Temperature Service
| Grade | UNS No. | Chemical Composition (Key Elements, %) | Mechanical Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| T5 | K51545 | 1.0Cr-0.5Mo (C≤0.15, Mn 0.30–0.60) | Tensile: ≥415 MPa | Yield: ≥205 MPa | Elong.: ≥30% |
| T9 | K90941 | 9Cr-1Mo (C 0.15–0.25, Si 0.25–1.0) | Tensile: ≥585 MPa | Yield: ≥380 MPa | Elong.: ≥20% |
| T11 | K11597 | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo-Si (C≤0.15) | Tensile: ≥415 MPa | Yield: ≥205 MPa | Elong.: ≥30% |
| T12 | K11562 | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo (C≤0.15) | Same as T11 |
| T22 | K21590 | 2.25Cr-1Mo (C≤0.15) | Tensile: ≥415 MPa | Yield: ≥205 MPa | Elong.: ≥30% |
| T91 | K90901 | 9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb (C 0.08–0.12) | Tensile: ≥585 MPa | Yield: ≥415 MPa | Elong.: ≥20% |
| T92 | K92460 | 9Cr-0.5Mo-2W-V-Nb (C 0.07–0.13) | Tensile: ≥620 MPa | Yield: ≥440 MPa | Elong.: ≥20% |
Austenitic Grades
Stainless Steels for Corrosion & Heat Resistance
| Grade | UNS No. | Chemical Composition (Key Elements, %) | Mechanical Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| TP304 | S30400 | 18Cr-8Ni (C≤0.08, Mn≤2.0) | Tensile: ≥515 MPa | Yield: ≥205 MPa | Elong.: ≥35% |
| TP304H | S30409 | 18Cr-8Ni (C 0.04–0.10) | Same as TP304 but higher creep strength |
| TP316 | S31600 | 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo (C≤0.08) | Tensile: ≥515 MPa | Yield: ≥205 MPa | Elong.: ≥35% |
| TP316H | S31609 | 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo (C 0.04–0.10) | Same as TP316 but higher creep strength |
| TP321 | S32100 | 18Cr-10Ni-Ti (C≤0.08, Ti≥5×C) | Tensile: ≥515 MPa | Yield: ≥205 MPa | Elong.: ≥35% |
| TP321H | S32109 | 18Cr-10Ni-Ti (C 0.04–0.10) | Same as TP321 but higher creep strength |
| TP347 | S34700 | 18Cr-10Ni-Nb (C≤0.08, Nb≥10×C) | Tensile: ≥515 MPa | Yield: ≥205 MPa | Elong.: ≥35% |
| TP347H | S34709 | 18Cr-10Ni-Nb (C 0.04–0.10) | Same as TP347 but higher creep strength |
| S31025 (Super 304H) | S31025 | 18Cr-9Ni-3Cu-Nb (C 0.07–0.13) | Tensile: ≥590 MPa | Yield: ≥240 MPa | Elong.: ≥35% |
| S31254 (6Mo Super Austenitic) | S31254 | 20Cr-18Ni-6Mo-0.2N (C≤0.02) | Tensile: ≥650 MPa | Yield: ≥300 MPa | Elong.: ≥35% |
Key Notes
- 1 H-Grades (e.g., TP304H, TP316H) have higher carbon (0.04–0.10%) for improved creep resistance at high temperatures.
- 2 Stabilized Grades (TP321/TP347) contain Ti or Nb to prevent chromium carbide precipitation (sensitization).
- 3 Mechanical Properties are for annealed condition; cold-worked tubes may have higher strength but lower elongation.
-
4
Hardness Limits:
• Ferritic grades: Typically ≤250 HBW.
• Austenitic grades: ≤90 HRB (Rockwell B).
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q What is ASTM A213/A213M and what is it used for?
ASTM A213/A213M is a standard specification for seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy steel boiler, superheater, and heat exchanger tubes. These tubes are designed for use in high-pressure and high-temperature environments such as power generation boilers, superheaters, and industrial heat exchangers.
Q What is the difference between ferritic grades (e.g., T22) and austenitic grades (e.g., TP304H)?
Ferritic grades like T22 (2.25Cr-1Mo) are low-alloy steels suited for high-temperature service with good strength and oxidation resistance. Austenitic grades like TP304H are stainless steels offering superior corrosion resistance and higher creep strength at elevated temperatures, thanks to their 18Cr-8Ni composition and higher carbon content.
Q What is the purpose of H-grade variants such as TP304H or TP316H?
H-grade variants contain a higher carbon content (0.04–0.10%) compared to standard grades. This elevated carbon improves creep resistance at high temperatures, making them ideal for critical high-temperature applications such as superheater tubes in power plants.
Q What testing and inspection are required for ASTM A213 tubes?
ASTM A213 tubes must undergo hydrostatic testing (mandatory unless substituted by nondestructive testing), nondestructive testing (NDT) such as eddy current or ultrasonic testing, and may also require flattening, flare, or bend tests. H-grades require grain size verification, and austenitic grades may need intergranular corrosion testing.
Q Why are TP321 and TP347 called "stabilized grades"?
TP321 contains titanium (Ti) and TP347 contains niobium (Nb) as stabilizing elements. These additions prevent chromium carbide precipitation at grain boundaries (a process called sensitization), which would otherwise reduce corrosion resistance. Stabilized grades are preferred in applications where welding or prolonged high-temperature exposure is involved.
Q What information must be provided when ordering ASTM A213 tubes?
When ordering, purchasers must specify the quantity (length and number of pieces), material grade, dimensions (OD and wall thickness), condition (e.g., annealed or cold-worked), test requirements, certification or inspection needs, and any special tolerances or additional requirements. Providing complete information ensures the correct product is manufactured and delivered.